Always Go Back and Reread Your Notes

As I was writing up the sources for yesterday’s post, I went back to my notes on my conversation with my mother-in-law regarding the D'Arco family house in Newark. She had remembered and given the addresses! James Street was the address of Nicholas D’Arco’s store; the family house was located at 446-8 Summer Avenue. This is the street view picture Google Maps gives for that address:

I think this is the right house.

Tuesday’s Tip: Using Immigration Records in Location Studies

Putting the D’Arco Family Together

One of the pleasures of researching my husband’s family lines is that it leads me to new geographic areas, new patterns of movement and family association, and, what is most interesting, new research approaches.

My Southern American, mostly rural agrarian ancestors followed certain migration patterns. I track their movements to learn about them, but their locations also help me to identify them and distinguish them from others with the same name. They didn’t have much by way of addresses, but did have rural routes, descriptions of landmarks, metes and bounds and, on a few occasions, townships, range, and sections.

No so with my husband’s ancestors, who were mid-nineteenth to early twentieth century immigrants to New York and New Jersey - they had real addresses in this country: on the censuses (which I can even read if I’m lucky) and in directories. When I first started I didn’t have much to go on, because their European names confounded a lot of the census takers and because I was unaware of how useful city directories could be.

I learned how important it was to “follow the address” from attending several presentations given by Warren Bittner at the 2011 Spring Conference of the Fairfax Genealogical Society. Sometimes the address may be the only constant for an ancestor with a name that seems to morph from year to year. And recently a researcher on my husband’s Fichtelmann line sent me a spreadsheet with year-by-year addresses for his Fichtelmann great-great-grandparents from 1859 through 1900 - be still, my heart! (Migration geeks will probably understand my excitement.)

I realized that I could do the same for my husband’s Koehl great-great-grandparents, because I have addresses from the 1870 through 1900 federal censuses, two New York state censuses, several New York City directories, and even Julius Koehl’s estate papers.

But right now I am using the address/location connection to put together my husband’s D’Arco family in Newark, New Jersey. Right now I only have three censuses and one city directory.

But I have more address information. I have immigration records.

Immigration records have plenty of juicy tidbits of information which may include: last permanent residence, place of birth, final destination, name of nearest relative or friend in country whence alien came, name or relative or friend passenger is going to join with full address, and so on. Again, if you can read the handwriting, these things are goldmines of names, dates, places.

I started with three census records for the Nicola D’Arco-Vincenza “Jenni” Rossi family:

1910 US Federal Census, Newark City, District 2, Essex County, New Jersey, ED 52, p. 13A, 21 or 22 Apr 1910

Line 4, Lock Street 191 215

Dargo, Nicholas Head M W 29 M1 1 Italy Italy Italy 1900 Alien English Driver Mason
Cannot read or write
Vincenza Rose Wife F W 18 M1 1 0 0 Italy Italy Italy 1907 Italian None
Cannot read or write
Rosie Rose Sister-in-law F W 38 S Italy Italy Italy 1907 Italian None
Cannot read or write

1920 US Federal Census, City of Newark – Ward 15, Essex County, New Jersey, ED 265, p. 22A, 13 Jan 1920

Line 26, James St. 159 267 504

Docco, Nick Head O M M W 36 M 1896 Alien Cannot read or write
Italy Italian Italy Italian Italy Italian Yes Peddlar Fruit wagon OA
Jennie Wife F W 27 M 1907 Alien Cannot read or write
Italy Italian Italy Italian Italy Italian yes None
Angelina Daughter F W 10 S NJ Italy Italy
Maggie Daughter F W 7 S NJ Italy Italy
Florence Daughter F W 5 S NJ Italy Italy
Geraldine NJ Italy Italy

1930 US Federal Census, City of Newark, Ward 15, Block 1882, Essex County, New Jersey, ED 7-263, p. 6B 7 Apr 1930

Line 78, James Street 159 22a 40

Darco, Nick Head O $3000 M W 47 M 27 No No Italy Italy Italy Italian 1901 Alien Yes
Grocery store Self Yes No
Jennie Wife F W 38 M 16 No No Italy Italy Italy Italian 1909 Alien Yes None
Julia Daughter F W 19 S No Yes NJ Italy Italy Yes None
Margaret Daughter F W 17 S No Yes NJ Italy Italy Yes None
Florence Daughter F W 15 S Yes Yes NJ Italy Italy Yes None
Geraldine Daughter F W 11 S Yes Yes NJ Italy Italy Yes None
Rose Daughter F W 9 S Yes Yes NJ Italy Italy Yes None


This was followed by the 1937 Newark Street Directory:

D’Arco, Anthony F. (Evelyn E.) gen contr 403 N. 12th h do
Florence married George Galante
Gelardina T. Seamstress r 159 James
Margaret r 159 James
Nicola (Jennie) h 159 James

I know of no connection to the Anthony D’Arco who appears at the top of this list, and he did not live at the same address as the Nicola D’Arco family (Florence, Geraldine, and Margaret were daughters), but he’s filed away just in case and I will be consulting a Newark street map.

Next comes the Record of detained alien passengers from the S. S. Neustria, arrived from Naples 27 May 1902: Nicola D’Aro arrives to go to his brother Giov[anni], who lives at 31 Garside St., Newark, NJ.

Here is an image provided by Google Maps of houses in the vicinity of 282 Garside Street (which searches reveal is in the neighborhood of Newark known as Little Italy):

The next record I found was the List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the United States Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival for the Ship Hamburg, which sailed from Naples on October 19, 1907 and arrived in the port of New York on November 1, 1907. This record contains the names of Vincenza Rossi and her mother [or sister, if you go by the 1910 census above] Rosa. Among the many interesting items of information this document includes are their Last Permanent Residence - Cava [de] Tirreni, their place of birth - Vietri sul Mare (which is near Cava de Tirreni), and their destination: brother-in-law (or, for Vincenza, uncle) Vincenzo D’Arco, who lives at 225 Freemont Av., Jersey, NJ. According to the 1910 census, Nicola and Vincenza did not marry until around 1909, so this indicates that Vincenzo may be the husband of a sister of Rosa (and Vincenza as well if she is actually Rosa’s sister).

My mother-in-law had always heard that the D'Arco family was from Naples. This illustrates what was apparently a common phenomenon when immigrant ancestors referred to the old country - they often chose a larger, more well-known city: Cava de Tirreni > Salerno > Naples. Here are maps showing where Cava de Tirreni is located in relation to Vietri sul Mare and when Vietri sul Mare is located in relation to Salerno:

So next I looked Vincenzo D’Arco up in the immigration records. Two records appear to be good matches for Vincenzo:

List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the Commission of Immigration

Name: Vincenzo Darco
Arrival date: 6 Jul 1900
Estimated YOB: 1878 (could also be 1873)
Age: 22 (could also be 27)
Port of departure: Naples, Italy
Ethnicity: Italian
Ship Name: Spartan Prince
Port of arrival: New York, New York
Last residence: Cava Tirreni
Whether going to join a relative, and if so, what relative, their name and address:
my brother D’Arco Giovanni
4 Garside St.

List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the Commission of Immigration

Name: Vincenzo Darco
Arrival date: 2 Jun 1903
Estimated YOB: 1872
Age: 22
Port of departure: Naples, Italy
Ethnicity: Italian
Ship Name: Palatia
Port of arrival: New York, New York
Final destination: Jersey City, NJ
Last residence: Cava Tirreni
Whether going to join a relative, and if so, what relative, their name and address:
my brother D’Arco Giovanni
282 Garside [Garsmond?]
Jersey City, NJ

This entry appears to be crossed out - perhaps he did not make the trip?

There is another entry for a Vincenzo D’Arco traveling on the Germania on 21 Mar 1907, age 46 [or 42], from “Cava de Ter.” going to his brother Saverio, 342 [Clinton St.?], Newark, NJ.

Here the age does not match, but he appears to be traveling from the same place in Italy to the same city in New Jersey - but the street address does not match and Saverio is a new name. Could be the same guy, an older relative, or someone completely different? This is another item to file this away. This same Vincenzo appears on a March 5 manifest but is crossed out - this manifests indicates that his hair is gray, so I’m guessing the 42/46 age is correct. And the point of origin of Cava de’ Tirreni is clear. I’m guessing he was a relative.

To sum up, Vincenzo D’Arco is listed as a relative by marriage for Rosa and Vincenza Rossi, Nicola and Vincenzo both claim a Giovanni D’Arco on Garside St. as a brother, and Vincenzo and the Rossis all come from Cava de Tirreni - so I believe I have at least three D’Arco brothers/relatives, two of whom may be married to Rossi sisters/relatives.

The other address that recurs is 159 James Street. This house is well remembered by my mother-in-law; according to her, the D’Arco family lived in a beautiful turreted house in New Jersey before she and her parents moved to Brooklyn. It was a duplex with 5-room and 3-room units on each side.

This is the picture I get when I input 159 James Street Newark into Google Maps:

This is obviously not old enough to be the house my mother-in-law remembers, but just in case I’ll be checking with my mother-in-law to see whether she remembers anything like this on James Street.

My plan for “putting together the D’Arco and Rossi families” is to use these posited relationships, the addresses (with some map work), and the place of origin in Italy - Cava de Tirreni - to identify members of these families, which I hope to confirm through study of directories, vital records, and other records.

Sources:

Street view photographs and maps courtesy of Google maps

Census

Nicholas Darco [Dargo] household, 1910 U.S. census, Essex County, New Jersey, population schedule, Newark City, dwelling 191, family 215; National Archives microfilm publication T624, p.13A. Accessed via Ancestry.com.

Nick Darco [Docco] household, 1920 U.S. census, Essex County, New Jersey, population schedule, Newark City, dwelling 267, family 504; National Archives microfilm publication T625, p. 22A. Accessed via Ancestry.com.

Nick Darco household, 1930 U.S. census Essex County, New Jersey, population schedule, Newark City, dwelling 22a, family 40; National Archives microfilm publication T626, p. 6B. Accessed via Ancestry.com.

Directory

The Price & Lee Co.‘s Newark, N.J. Directory, 1937, p. 1373. Accessed via Ancestry.com on U.S. City Directories database.

Immigration Records

Nicola D’Arco entry, Record of Detained Alien Passengers of SS Neustria, 17 May 1902, page 96, line 14; in New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957; National Archives microfilm publication T715. Accessed via Ancestry.com.

Entry for Rosa and Vincenza Rossi, List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the United States Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival for the Ship Hamburg, sailed from Naples on October 19, 1907 and arrived in the port of New York on November 1, 1907, page 219, lines 2 and 3; National Archives microfilm publication T715. Accessed via Ancestry.com.

Entry for Vincenzo D’Arco, List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the Commission of Immigration for the SS Palatia, sailing from Naples, arrival date 6 July 1900 in port of New York, page 27, line 12; National Archives microfilm publication T715, accessed via Ancestry.com.

Entry for Vincenzo D’Arco, List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the Commission of Immigration for the SS Spartan Prince, sailing from Naples 21 May 1903, arrived in the port of New York 5 June 1903, page 102, line 7; National Archives microfilm publication T715, accessed via Ancestry.com.

Entry for Vincenzo D’Arco, List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the Immigration Officer at the Port of Arrival for the SS Germania, sailing from Naples 6 March 1907, arrived in the port of New York 21 March 1907, page 24, line 23; National Archives microfilm publication T715, accessed via Ancestry.com.

Entry for Vincenzo D’Arco, List or Manifest of Alien Immigrants for the Immigration Officer at Port of Arrival for the SS Madonna, sailing from Naples 24 February 1907, arrived in the port of New York 6 March 1907, page 32, line 20; National Archives microfilm publication T715, accessed via Ancestry.com.

Personal conversation

Interview with J. Koehl, 9 January 2006.

What I Learned Wednesday: 22 June 2011

Lots more on the Koehls this week! This includes:

1. Finding the full name of the husband of Magdalena M. “Lena” Koehl - Frederick William Tönjes. This was the last of the sons-in-law of Julius and Josephine Koehl that I needed to find. There now remains only the maiden name of Katherine/Katie, wife of Louis Koehl, brother of Henry Julius “Harry” Koehl, my husband’s great-grandfather.

The route to finding Lena Koehl Tönjes’ husbands full name was very indirect. I did a search on the name of the only son, Ernst Tönjes. It brought up an obituary for his sister, Hermine A. Tönjes Booraem, which listed both her parents’ names, her husband’s name (Elmer H. Booraem), her sister Josephine Tönjes’ married name (Thomas), and the names of Hermine’s children and their spouses, among other information. It turns out that brother Ernest Tönjes also married a Booraem (Rowena). It doesn’t hurt that there are some relatively uncommon names involved here.

2. A review of some of my Fichtelmann and Scherer information revealed that I actually do know the name of the father of my husband’s great-great grandmother Katharina/Katy Scherer (a couple of weeks ago I mistakenly stated that I did not know his name) - it is Henry Scherer.

So finally my husband’s family tree is starting to fill out and I am more at home with New York and Brooklyn resources. Now I just need to get into New Jersey resources so that I can find out more about my husband’s maternal grandmother’s line, the D’Arcos and Rossis, who settled in Newark.

What I Learned Wednesday: 27 April 2011

This week I am learning more about research in New York. I received a couple of scans of Fichtelmann family death certificates from another Fichtelmann researcher, and I took that as a sign that I need to get on the ball with getting documentation for some of my husband’s families. I e-mailed Evergreen Cemetery in Brooklyn for burial information on Katharina Scherer Fichtelmann but have not received a reply, yet. I also mailed out request forms for death certificates for Julius Koehl and Josephine Lochner Koehl. My next task is to get in touch with Green-Wood Cemetery to find out how to get burial information for all the family members listed in the Koehl family plot.

Most of this involves straightforward research procedures, but it is still a bit of a change of pace from researching my own family, most of whom lived in the southern states. Initially, my main goal in researching my husband’s family was not very ambitious: I wanted to at least document each line back to the original immigrant - and since the earliest immigrants seem to have come over around 1850, with the majority arriving between 1890 and 1910, that’s not terribly far back to go. I also hoped to get some clue as to where in Italy/Germany/Romania the various families originated, but I knew that I could not count on this.

Surprisingly, thanks to my fellow Fichtelmann researchers Mary Lou Benjamin and J. E. Felbinger and to my in-laws’ fortuitous discovery of my husband’s grandmother’s birth certificate (which led to my discovery of the ship manifest giving her home town in Italy), I now have at least two new points of origin in Europe; a third location, Moinesti, Romania for the Greenbergs, is already known.

However, I am still interested in documenting the families here in the United States. For instance, it is intriguing that my husband’s great-grandmother and her sister were going to meet a Vincenzo D’Arco in New Jersey; his great-grandmother married a Nicholas D’Arco, so this may be a brother.

In the coming weeks I am hoping to build up a decent section in my Genealogy Toolbox for New York and New Jersey research.